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"ISO" is a word that represents the International Standards Organization, or as it is more commonly known, the International Organization for Standardization. This organization is based in Switzerland and they set a lot of international standards, including the measurement system for film sensitivity (which translates to digital Photography).

In photography, the ISO is pronounced "EYE-so," not "eye-es-oh," however it does not have anything to do with the Greek "isos," as others have claimed. Here is the entry in the World English Dictionary:

ISO (aɪsaʊ)

-n

International Organization for Standardization

[Greek isos equal; often wrongly thought to be an abbreviation for International Standards Organization ]

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