The Netherlands
France was the first country to grant diplomatic recognition to the new American state. France was an ally of the U.S. in the American Revolutionary War.
France
Yes.
The Netherlands were the first to recognize the United States of America near Sint Eustatius (then under Dutch control) on November 16th 1776 when salute shots were answered by Johannes de Graaff, gouvernour of Sint Eustatius. The Andrew Doria was one of the first ships to Cary the American flag and was sent to pick up war supplies for the war against Britain and to deliver a copy of the declaration of independence to the gouvenour.
The first country to recognize the United State was Morocco
France
Richard Nixon's approach to China was to be open to contact for the first time since 1949. He was the first President since 1949 to visit China and begin diplomatic relations. He stopped short of full recognition.
Yes, the United States of America were, in aggregate but still in plural, first given international recognition as independent states by the Treaty of Paris in 1783. The first nation to grant recognition to the "United States of America in Congress" was Morocco in 1786. It was not until after the ratification of the US Constitution in 1789 that the US began to gain international recognition as a single independent country. The Treaty of London of 1794 (also known as the Jay Treaty) was a significant milestone in that process.
He was US minister to Russia from 1832-1833.
De facto recognition is when a state is acknowledged as existing in reality, even if it may not have official diplomatic recognition. De jure recognition is when a state is officially recognized by other states according to international law. Ultimately, de jure recognition holds more weight in terms of legitimacy and acceptance in the international community.
The very first diplomatic crisis the United States ever experienced was the abolishment of slavery. This tore the country into two separate entities and caused a civil war.