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The simple answer is that A4 is a metric paper size and used in countries that have adopted the metric system. A4 paper is used not only in Europe, but in fact is used in all countries with the exception of the US and by proximity Canada and Mexico. It is possible, however, to buy A4 paper in the US -- usually online.

A4 (roughly similar to US letter) is a paper size specification (part of the ISO 216 paper size system). The so-called "A" range of paper sizes are a series of sheets starting at A0 and continuing all the way to A10. Each successive format is smaller than its predecessor. Thus A0 is the largest and A10 the smallest. A0 has an area of 1 square meter (1m2).

The "A" series is defined so that the ration of the width to the height is 1:1.4142 (1.4142 is the square root of 2). What this means is that each paper size will fit exactly in its predecessor: if you divide A0 along its height by two, you get two A1 sized pages. If you divide an A1 sheet along its height into two, you get two A2 sheets.

There are many useful properties of the "A" series paper sizes. For more information, see

http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-paper.html

or

http://www.paperonweb.com/size.htm

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Q: Why does Europe use A4 size paper and the US uses a different size?
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