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When Captain Cook charted the eastern coast of Australia in 1770, it never occurred to him to call it Eastern Australia, because the name "Australia" had not even been thought of yet. He named it New South Wales, as it reminded him of southern Wales. When the Victorian and Queensland colonies separated to form their own governments, they were named after the reigning Queen.

Western Australia and South Australia were colonies settled several decades later, and the names were simply logical.

There is the Northern Territory: that was named when it was taken from South Australia's control and handed to the Commonwealth government some years after Federation.

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Q: Why is there South Australia and Western Australia but no North Australia or East Australia?
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