Results for: Calvinism

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What is Calvinism?

Calvinism (n.) is someone who's addicted to Calvin Klein Actually, Calvinism is someone who believes that they have no will, that whatever happens is God's will. - Dogluva… (MORE)

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In Calvin and Hobbes

How do you pronounce Calvin of Calvin and Hobbes?

You pronounce the Calvin in Calvin and Hobbes the same way you pronounce any of the other Calvins in the first entry. Cal, as in California, and Vin, rhymes with bin. Emphasis… (MORE)

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In History of Science

How did Calvin discover the Calvin cycle?

The problem Calvin was investigating was how did the carbon in carbon dioxide get converted into the carbon in carbohydrates during phototsynthesis. This meant he had to find …a way of tracing the path of the carbon as it was built up into carbohydrate:. CO 2 ---> substance A ---> substance B ---> etc ---> CH 2 O (carbohydrate). Calvin discovered the 'Calvin cycle' by choosing a suitable organism to work with, devising a clever piece of apparatus and applying two carefully-chosen techniques.. The organism was a single-celled alga called Chlorella . Each cell contains a single, large chloroplast. Because it is single-celled, it can absorb carbon dioxide rapidly and can be killed rapidly, making handling easier than it would be if a larger plant had been used.. The apparatus was a flat glass flask called the 'lollipop' apparatus after its shape. The flat shape meant that all of the Chlorella cells inside could receive the maximum amount of light, and so carry out the maximum amount of photosynthesis. With a spherical flask, cells in the middle would receive less light than cells at the outside, and so would photosynthesise less.. The first technique he used was to track the path of carbon during photosynthesis by using a radioactive isotope, 14 C. This had only recently become available in the 1940's. The advantage of using a radioactive isotope is that it was possible to detect the presence of small amounts of labelled carbon. Calvin added radioactive carbon dioxide to the culture solution containing the Chlorella cells and, after a short time, emptied the cells into a container of alcohol. The alcohol rapidly killed the cells, stopped any further reactions and started to extract the chemicals from them. By varying the time for which the cells were exposed to the radioactive carbon, CAlvin could work out the sequence of chemical reactions through which the carbon was passing.. The second technique was two-dimensional paper chromatography. Chromatography is a method for separating mixtures of compounds. A mixture is added as a small spot near the base of a strip of paper. If the paper is dipped in a solvent, it will travel up the paper carrying the mixture with it. However, different substances will be carried different distances, and so the mixture will be separated. After carrying out one separation, Calvin turned the paper through 90 o and carried out a second separation using a different solvent (hence the name two-dimensional). This gave a better separation of similar compounds.. Having separated the substances which he had extracted from the cells, Calvin then had to find where they were on the chromatography paper! He could not see them because they were colourless. To locate the substances containing the radioactive carbon, he placed a piece of photographic film on top of the paper. The radiation given off by the 14 C made the film go dark, so he could then locate where they were on the paper. This technique is called autoradiography.. The final step was to identify the compounds containing the 14 C. This took about 10 years!. At the end, he was able to describe the sequence of compounds through which the carbon passed as it was converted from carbon dioxide to carbohydrate. He discovered that it was in fact a cycle of reactions, hence the name 'Calvin cycle'.. He was awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this work.. For further information see:. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_cycle. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melvin_Calvin. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1961/calvin-lecture.html (MORE)

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In Calvin and Hobbes

What is Calvin and Hobbes?

Calvin and Hobbes is a comic strip created by Bill Watterson. It is a comic strip about a boy and his stuffed tiger, The boy (Calvin) pretends that his tiger is real. It is fu… (MORE)

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In Calvin Coolidge

What did Calvin Coolidge do?

Coolidge was the 30th president of the United States. He balanced the budget, did not interfere with corporate investment, and limited the federal government's powers. This … (MORE)

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In Celebrities

Who is Calvin o'keefe?

Georgia o'keefes brother????she is a famous painter i don't think so! do you mean in "A Wrinkle in Time"? Then he is a popular boy, who is attractive. He falls in lo… (MORE)

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In Calvin and Hobbes

Where does Calvin from Calvin and Hobbes live?

Really they live no where except in the author's mind. I don't even think that he knows. He uses his imagination to create the perfect environment.

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In Biology

What is Calvin system?

the Calvin cycle uses 6 molecules of carbon dioxide to produce a single 6-carbon sugar molecules. the energy for the reaction that make this possible is supplied by compounds … (MORE)

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In Calvinism

What is calvinism theology?

Calvinism Theology is based on Soverignity of God. it means thateveryone and everything is predestined. no one can change God'splan in their lives because there is no free-wil… (MORE)

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In Calvinism

How do you refute Calvinism?

Make sure you don't use the bible, it is filled with verse that explicitly tell of man's inability to come to God on His own, and of God's election of His people. Your best be… (MORE)