7p's of marketing mix of insurance sector?

Answer 1

® INTRODUCTION:
Wherever there is uncertainty there is risk. We do not have any control over uncertainties which
involves financial losses. The risks may be certain events like death, pension, retirement or
uncertain events like theft, fire, accident, etc.
Insurance is a financial service for collecting the savings of the public and providing them with risk
coverage. The main function of Insurance is to provide protection against the possible chances of
generating losses. It eliminates worries and miseries of losses by destruction of property and death.
It also provides capital to the society as the funds accumulated are invested in productive heads.
Insurance comes under the service sector and while marketing this service, due care is to be taken
in quality product and customer satisfaction. While marketing the services, it is also pertinent that
they think about the innovative promotional measures. It is not sufficient that you perform well but
it is also important that you let others know about the quality of your positive contributions.
The creativity in the promotional measures is the need of the hour. The advertisement, public
relations, word of mouth communication needs due care and personal selling requires intensive
care.
® INSURANCE MARKETING:
The term Insurance Marketing refers to the marketing of Insurance services with the aim to create
customer and generate profit through customer satisfaction. The Insurance Marketing focuses on
the formulation of an ideal mix for Insurance business so that the Insurance organisation survives
and thrives in the right perspective.
® MARKETING --MIX FOR INSURANCE COMPANIES:
The marketing mix is the combination of marketing activities that an organisation engages in so as
to best meet the needs of its targeted market. The Insurance business deals in selling services and
therefore due weight-age in the formation of marketing mix for the Insurance business is needed.
The marketing mix includes sub-mixes of the 7 P's of marketing i.e. the product, its price, place,
promotion, people, process & physical attraction. The above mentioned 7 P's can be used for
marketing of Insurance products, in the following manner:
1. PRODUCT:
A product means what we produce. If we produce goods, it means tangible product and when we
produce or generate services, it means intangible service product. A product is both what a seller
has to sell and a buyer has to buy. Thus, an Insurance company sells services and therefore
services are their product.
In India, the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and the General Insurance Corporation (GIC)
are the two leading companies offering insurance services to the users. Apart from offering life
insurance policies, they also offer underwriting and consulting services.
When a person or an organisation buys an Insurance policy from the insurance company, he not
only buys a policy, but along with it the assistance and advice of the agent, the prestige of the
insurance company and the facilities of claims and compensation.
It is natural that the users expect a reasonable return for their investment and the insurance
companies want to maximize their profitability. Hence, while deciding the product portfolio or the
product-mix, the services or the schemes should be motivational. The Group Insurance scheme is
required to be promoted, the Crop Insurance is required to be expanded and the new schemes and
policies for the villagers or the rural population are to be included.
The Life Insurance Corporation has intensified efforts to promote urban savings, but as far as rural
savings are concerned, it is not that impressive. The introduction of Rural Career Agents Scheme
has been found instrumental in inducing the rural prospects but the process is at infant stage and
requires more professional excellence. The policy makers are required to activate the efforts. It
would be prudent that the LIC is allowed to pursue a policy of direct investment for rural
development.
Investment in Government securities should be stopped and the investment should be channelized
in private sector for maximizing profits. In short, the formulation of product-mix should be in the
face of innovative product strategy. While initiating the innovative process it is necessary to take
into consideration the strategies adopted by private and foreign insurance companies.
2. PRICING:
In the insurance business the pricing decisions are concerned with:
i) The premium charged against the policies,
ii) Interest charged for defaulting the payment of premium and credit facility, and
iii) Commission charged for underwriting and consultancy activities.
With a view of influencing the target market or prospects the formulation of pricing strategy
becomes significant. In a developing country like India where the disposable income in the hands of
prospects is low, the pricing decision also governs the transformation of potential policyholders into
actual policyholders.
The strategies may be high or low pricing keeping in view the level or standard of customers or the
policyholders.
The pricing in insurance is in the form of premium rates. The three main factors used for
determining the premium rates under a life insurance plan are mortality, expense and interest. The
premium rates are revised if there are any significant changes in any of these factors.
• Mortality (deaths in a particular area):
When deciding upon the pricing strategy the average rate of mortality is one of the main
considerations. In a country like South Africa the threat to life is very important as it is played by
host of diseases.
• Expenses:
The cost of processing, commission to agents, reinsurance companies as well as registration are all
incorporated into the cost of installments and premium sum and forms the integral part of the
pricing strategy.
• Interest:
The rate of interest is one of the major factors which determines people's willingness to invest in
insurance. People would not be willing to put their funds to invest in insurance business if the
interest rates provided by the banks or other financial instruments are much greater than the
perceived returns from the insurance premiums.
3. PLACE:
This component of the marketing mix is related to two important facets --
i) Managing the insurance personnel, and
ii) Locating a branch.
The management of agents and insurance personnel is found significant with the viewpoint of
maintaining the norms for offering the services. This is also to process the services to the end user
in such a way that a gap between the services- promised and services -- offered is bridged over. In a
majority of the service generating organizations, such a gap is found existent which has been
instrumental in making worse the image problem.
The transformation of potential policyholders to the actual policyholders is a difficult task that
depends upon the professional excellence of the personnel. The agents and the rural career agents
acting as a link, lack professionalism. The front-line staff and the branch managers also are found
not assigning due weight-age to the degeneration process. The insurance personnel if not managed
properly would make all efforts insensitive. Even if the policy makers make provision for the quality
upgrading the promised services hardly reach to the end users.
It is also essential that they have rural orientation and are well aware of the lifestyles of the
prospects or users. They are required to be given adequate incentives to show their excellence.
While recruiting agents, the branch managers need to prefer local persons and provide them
training and conduct seminars. In addition to the agents, the front-line staff also needs an intensive
training programme to focus mainly on behavioral management.
Another important dimension to the Place Mix is related to the location of the insurance branches.
While locating branches, the branch manager needs to consider a number of factors, such as
smooth accessibility, availability of infrastructural facilities and the management of branch offices
and premises. In addition it is also significant to provide safety measures and also factors like office
furnishing, civic amenities and facilities, parking facilities and interior office decoration should be
given proper attention.
Thus the place management of insurance branch offices needs a new vision, distinct approach and
an innovative style. This is essential to make the work place conducive, attractive and proactive for
the generation of efficiency among employees. The branch managers need professional excellence
to make place decisions productive.
4. PROMOTION:
The insurance services depend on effective promotional measures. In a country like India, the rate
of illiteracy is very high and the rural economy has dominance in the national economy. It is
essential to have both personal and impersonal promotion strategies. In promoting insurance
business, the agents and the rural career agents play an important role. Due attention should be
given in selecting the promotional tools for agents and rural career agents and even for the branch
managers and front line staff. They also have to be given proper training in order to create impulse
buying.
Advertising and Publicity, organisation of conferences and seminars, incentive to policyholders are
impersonal communication. Arranging Kirtans, exhibitions, participation in fairs and festivals, rural
wall paintings and publicity drive through the mobile publicity van units would be effective in
creating the impulse buying and the rural prospects would be easily transformed into actual
policyholders.
5. PEOPLE:
Understanding the customer better allows to design appropriate products. Being a service industry
which involves a high level of people interaction, it is very important to use this resource efficiently
in order to satisfy customers. Training, development and strong relationships with intermediaries are
the key areas to be kept under consideration. Training the employees, use of IT for efficiency, both
at the staff and agent level, is one of the important areas to look into.
6. PROCESS:
The process should be customer friendly in insurance industry. The speed and accuracy of payment
is of great importance. The processing method should be easy and convenient to the customers.
Installment schemes should be streamlined to cater to the ever growing demands of the customers.
IT & Data Warehousing will smoothen the process flow.
IT will help in servicing large no. of customers efficiently and bring down overheads. Technology can
either complement or supplement the channels of distribution cost effectively. It can also help to
improve customer service levels. The use of data warehousing management and mining will help to
find out the profitability and potential of various customers product segments.
7. PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION:
Distribution is a key determinant of success for all insurance companies. Today, the nationalized
insurers have a large reach and presence in India. Building a distribution network is very expensive
and time consuming. If the insurers are willing to take advantage of India's large population and
reach a profitable mass of customers, then new distribution avenues and alliances will be necessary.
Initially insurance was looked upon as a complex product with a high advice and service component.
Buyers prefer a face-to-face interaction and they place a high premium on brand names and
reliability. As the awareness increases, the product becomes simpler and they become off-the-shelf
commodity products. Today, various intermediaries, not necessarily insurance companies, are selling
insurance. For example, in UK, retailer like Marks & Spencer sells insurance products.
The financial services industries have successfully used remote distribution channels such as
telephone or internet so as to reach more customers, avoid intermediaries, bring down overheads
and increase profitability. A good example is UK insurer Direct Line. It relied on telephone sales and
low pricing. Today, it is one of the largest motor insurance operator.
Technology will not replace a distribution network though it will offer advantages like better
customer service. Finance companies and banks can emerge as an attractive distribution channel for
insurance in India. In Netherlands, financial services firms provide an entire range of products
including bank accounts, motor, home and life insurance and pensions. In France, half of the life
insurance sales are made through banks.
In India also, banks hope to maximize expensive existing networks by selling a range of products. It
is anticipated that rather than formal ownership arrangements, a loose network of alliance between
insurers and banks will emerge, popularly known as bancassurance.
Another innovative distribution channel that could be used are the non-financial organisations. For
an example, insurance for consumer items like fridge and TV can be offered at the point of sale.
This increases the likelihood of insurance sales. Alliances with manufacturers or retailers of
consumer goods will be possible and insurance can be one of the various incentives offered.