All about medieval period

Answer 1

In short, the medieval period lasted about a thousand years from the "fall" of Rome to the beginning of the Renaissance.

It was a period that started when Roman civilization had declined into ignorance and illiteracy in the West Roman Empire, and it was the period of recovery from that. If you think about this, you can see that it was not a period of decline, but a period of recovery from decline.

We usually refer to the date when the West Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustulus, abdicated in favor of Zeno, the Emperor of the East Roman Empire, as the date of the fall of Rome. Clearly, it was no such thing. But the date was 476.

In the East Roman Empire, which we commonly call the Byzantine Empire, it started with attempts to recover the West Roman Empire and declined from there, under pressure, first from Arabs, then from crusaders, who came to "rescue" the Byzantine Empire from Muslims, but were much worse than the Muslims had been, and the finally, it ended with the collapse of Constantinople under pressure from the Ottoman Turks, in 1453.

So, the dates of the Middle Ages are from 476 to 1453. If you want to look at it this way, the medieval period started with the purported fall of the West Roman Empire, and ended with the fall of what had once been the East Roman Empire and still regarded itself as such.

A lot went on in those thousand years. The time is an era for pretty much the whole of Europe. It included the rise of the Carolingian Empire, the coronation of Charlemagne, the rise of the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdoms of France and England. It included Vikings it included Arabs. It included the Mongols opening the Silk Road and a trade in spices and silk. It included Muslim conquest of Spain, and the Christian reconquest of Spain. It included the rise and fall of feudalism, and the rise of banks and merchants.

I could not begin to write all about the medieval period in an answer here. I am attaching a link to a Wikipedia article on the Middle Ages, but it will only give a brief outline. I could recommend a good book on the subject, but it will not tell all about the period. I think you could fill a library with books about just the middle ages and what went on in it.