an acid is more polar than an ester
salicylic acid (an acid) is more polar than methyl salicylate (an ester)
As you can see here this is the equation of acetic and stearic acid.it shows how they are different from each other. This is because acetic acid reacts much more exp[losively with water.
Dimethyl ether is polar. It is more polar than an equivalent alkene but not nearly as polar as an ester or an amide.
butyric acid is more polar
This will react with any unreacted acid and allow the scent of the ester to be more obvious
Salicylic acid i would think Look at both their structures; salicylic acid has more polar -OH bonds
butyric acid
Acid has little or no effect except possible exchange of acid groupd between ester and the introduced acid - transesterification. Base - a salt of the acid part of the ester will form and the alcohol or some substituted form of it - that depends on the base used. There is no simple answer as the acids and bases that could be used are almost limitless.
Acid chloride is more reactive than aldehyde. Aldehyde is more reactive than ketone, which is more reactive than ester, which is more reactive than amides.
HI is more stronger acid while H2Te is almost neutral.
Boric acid, propyl ester, Ethylene glycol diethyl ether, Isopentyl bromide, Abscisic acid, Butyl isocyanide, Chlorodifluoroacetic acid. And a LOT more
Formic acid is more acidic because formic acid is a smaller molecule as compare to acetic acid so polarity is working in small area and O-H bond is more polar HCOOH, in acetic acid the additional CH3- group is an electrons donor group so O-H bond is little bit stronger and less polar so it is weaker acid.