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No, not technically.

Eastern Catholics are in communion with Rome, which means they recognize the Pope as the Supreme Pontiff. Orthodox do not recognize the Pope as the leader of the Church. They recognize the Pontiff as "first among firsts," but think that the Pope (which means Father) does not have the last say in all things religious. Orthodox believe that Ecumenical Councils have the last say in what happens in the Church.

Though there are many Orthodox Churches around the world such as the Greek Orthodox Church or the Russian Orthodox Church they all agree on doctrine as identified in the Seven Ecumenical Councils that took place before Catholics and Orthodox split in 1054.

Eastern Catholic churches were originally built along ethnic lines, but now are open to any ethnicity, regardless of the country in which they live. For example, the Ruthenian Byzantine Catholic Church was originally in Ruthenia, a region of Eastern Europe that is now part of Poland, eastern Slovakia, Northern Hungary and western Ukraine. There is a Byzantine Catholic Church in that region still, but there is also a Ruthenian Byzantine Catholic Church in America. I know, that is what I am. My ancestors originally came from eastern Slovakia. Almost all Eastern Catholics follow a liturgy that is identical to the Orthodox church in the region where they came from. But the main difference is that of the issue of the Pope.

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Q: Are Eastern Catholics and Orthodox the same?
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