To the best of my knowledge equal is not real sugar. If that is the case, it needs specific certification for passover, which it probably doesn't have.
12 packets
Yes, sugar is Kosher. Everything that grows from the ground is kosher. There's nothing in sugar to make it non-kosher, as long as it doesn't come in contact with other ingredients, or machinery, used in non-kosher products.
Both Stevia & Sweet N Low packets are the sweetness equivalent of 2 teaspoons of sugar. So, 12 packets of Sweet N Low would equal 12 packets of Stevia. This also goes for Splenda and Equal packets. They are all equivalent to the sweetness of 2 teaspoons of sugar.
Roughly 48 packets to equal one U.S. Measuring cup
It takes 24 packets of Sweet 'n Low to substitute 1 cup of granulated sugar.
Yes, during the passover season the Cokes labeled "kosher for passover" have different ingredients. The regular coke uses sugar rather than corn syrup and the diet coke uses a specific type of aspartame that has been deemed "kosher for passover"
Yes you can eat sugar. You cannot eat anything that contains any of the forbidden grains or derivatives of these grains. Most Jewish people look for food labeled "kosher for Passover" so that they are sure that a forbidden food hasn't gotten in there somehow.
Any large grocery chain in Minneapolis should carry it around Passover. Look for the bottlecaps/cartons/cans with a notable yellow mark on them - that is the "Kosher" Coke (made with cane sugar, not corn syrup).
Normal sugar is kosher.
In volume, yes. In calories, no.
Normally, Coca-Cola (a kosher beverage) is made with corn syrup, however the Coca-Cola which is labeled as kosher for Passover (usually with a yellow cap), which you may see in the supermarket around passover time, is made with sugar instead of corn syrup. This is because Jews do not eat any leavened breads or leavened foods made from grains on the holiday of Passover. Ashkenazic Jews (Jews of German decent) have an additional custom to refrain from eating certain legumes, rice and corn. Hence, you can purchase Coca-Cola made with real sugar around the holiday of Passover.
It is possible to get tahini that is hechshered kosher l'Pesach. However, these products are kitniyot so the majority of Ashkenazi Jews would not eat it.