The Torah
Yes, the Torah is the basic text of Judaism, containing its beliefs and laws.
Unusable Torah-scrolls are buried in a separate plot in a Jewish cemetery. This must be done with Rabbinic supervision.
The entire content of the Torah.
All of the commands in the Torah.
If it's in the Torah, it's basic to Judaism.
That God exists and gave the Torah.
A basic situation is at the beginning of a story, and explains the plot, the characters, and setting, etc.
It is a diagram of a plot showing beginning, middle, and end of the story's plot.
The basic situation includes the setting (when and where), the circumstances of the story, and its premise (the plot device that drives the story).
Was and still is. The answer is: The laws of the Torah, which contains the several hundred basic commands of Judaism.See also:More about the Torah's laws
MacGuffin