Doctors are not gods. They do not know how long anyone will live. Every person is an individual. Doctors can only give you estimates based on the average response to a condition. Sometimes this is a very bad idea because it can cause people to lose hope and give up, leading to an earlier death than would have occurred without "knowing" how long they had to live.
Depends on how much damage.
No a person cannot live without a liver
Both the heart and liver are vital to life, as is brain stem functioning. Humans can also live with damage to the heart or liver. But, it is harder to live with liver damage than to live with heart damage. The liver "detoxes" the entire body and is vital to process many of the medications ill persons must take to survive. But when the liver is damaged, it cannot process the toxins and by-products like a healthy liver can. Toxins build up in the blood stream until they begin to damage the brain and other organs. Interestingly, though, one person can die from heart disease but have a relatively healthy liver.... while another person can die from liver ailments/damage while having a relatively strong heart! But, while each are vital to life, I'd have to say the liver's 'health' is more important in both health and in chronic medical conditions.
It depends on the amount and kind of damage. The rest of your life, for sure.
No.
Yes, in fact, donating a liver makes you live longer!
Cirrhosis of the liver involves irreversible damage. The only treatment is abstaining from alcohol, and supporting liver function by not stressing it in other ways. It is possible to live for long periods with liver damage, provided that it is not too far advanced.
When there is damage to the liver, it attempts to repair itself. The remaining cells (mainly hepatocytes, but also oval cells) - undergo mitotic division in order to replace damaged or dead cells. This process is known as hyperplasia. When hyperplasia occurs in the liver, it results in nodular formations of new cells. A cirrhotic liver is an end-stage liver. It cannot be repaired, and if the person is to live they will need a transplant. A cirrhotic liver will be diffusely (all-over) covered with nodules, where the liver has attempted to regenerate. It will also have scar-tissue and fibrosis as a result of the damage to the liver.
The liver is required to live. A person can live with a low percentage of a functioning live, but with health consequences. The liver is a transplant-able organ though, so there is hope if liver failure is eminent.
You could but not for very long as your liver filters everything your body doesn't need
There is no way to say for sure, and his doctor has the best idea how long he will live.
Brain, heart, liver, pancreas, both lungs