No
A former employer may inform a prospective employer at his discretion.
Employers can ask that in every state.
Employers are NOT restricted in making factual comments on former employers. They are liable only if they make knowingly false statements. Prospective employers can ask about your former job, too.
No federal or state statutes prevent employers from ASKING anything. Very few laws restrict employers from ANSWERING prospective employers questions.
No, not unless the prospective employer is a government agency.
Here in the States, potential employers are not allowed to ask how the former employment was terminated. They can only seek character references. No law prohibits employers from giving thorough info on former employees to anyone who inquires. Former employees have zero expectation of privacy regarding their work record, attendance, attitude, skill, or disciplines. EMployers who express no falsehoods about a former employee have zero liability for defamation.
If prompted, you should. If you do not and your employer uncovers your untruthfulness, which they likely will using a background check, you will either not be offered the job or will be terminated if you have already started working.
If a prospective employer calls your previous employer, the previous employer can say whatever they feel is true. If you don't want a bad reference, you may not want to put your previous employer on the application.
If you list your past employers, yes they ask them if they wish. However most employers are pretty neutral when replying to questions about ex-employees.
A prospective employer can ask ANYTHING. It must not consider race, sex, religion, age, or disability if it has more than 14 employees.
No, an employer can only tell a potential new employer that you were terminated. They are not suppose to give any more information than that, however, ther are ex-employers that will over indulge on information.
There is no uneversal answer to this question. All employers set their own employment guidelines. You will have to check wtih the prospective employer and ask.