Yes.
no
Whether or not the noncustodial parent has the right to take custody of the minor children if the custodial parent is incarcerated depends on the specific circumstances and any existing court order or custody agreement. In general, it is recommended for the noncustodial parent to consult with a family law attorney and go through the appropriate legal channels to modify or establish custody arrangements during the custodial parent's incarceration.
no law addressing it
In Oklahoma, if a minor's custodial parent dies, the non-custodial parent can generally assume custody. However, the court may intervene to determine the best interests of the minor, especially if there are concerns about the non-custodial parent's ability to care for the minor. It's advisable to consult with a family law attorney to navigate this process.
That depends on whether or not the non-custodial parent is a minor and prevailing law in the state where you live. Contact a family law attorney in your area for specific information.
In most states an 18 year old is no longer a minor and can live where they wish.
No.
Maybe, if the absent parent does not share custody in any manner and there is not a visitation order in place, a custodial parent can take whatever action he or she chooses in regards to a minor child. However, courts do not look favorably upon any parent who does not allow the other parent to have a relationship with his or her minor child/children unless there is substantiated reasons (child abuse, endangerment, etc.) for the action. A parent who is being denied access to his or her child/children can file suit for visitation and/or custodial rights if they so choose.
No. In the strict legal sense a grandparent (or anyone) cannot take a minor child anywhere without permission from the custodial parent(s) or guardian.
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An minor can't decide to not see a non-custodial parent -- if there's a court order, it will continue until the minor is of age, 18.
The most likely scenario is that the children will live with the other parent as long as that parent was not deemed unfit while the custodial parent was alive. If that parent was denied custody for cause the courts may consider another gaurdian should the non custodial parent still be considered unsuitable.