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When the engine is running, the weights are spun to the outermost position and lock there. When the engine is turned off the springs pull the weights in, and the arm of the weights slightly modifies the timing of the distributor. At that point the distributor timing is slightly retarded, meaning that the sparkplugs will fire just a little later than they would during normal operation. The advantage of this is that it makes it a lot easier to start the engine. Normally an electrical spark is generated to a sparkplug just slightly before the piston reaches "top dead center". Engineers have learned to do this to maximize the performance of the engine. Unfortunately, it's almost impossible to start the engine if it's firing early like that. So... when the spring is missing, the weight may not be pulled in as hard and the ignition timing might not be retarded quite as much as it should be, but it shouldn't keep the engine from starting or at least trying to start.

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Q: Can a spring missing from a counter-weight inside the distributor cause an engine to not fire or not fire regularly?
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