The checkpoints between Israel and Palestine serve as a border-crossing for non-Israeli citizens. Any tourist that would require a VISA to enter Israel from any other port of entry (such as Ben Gurion airport or Ashdod Harbor) would similarly need a VISA to enter Israel from the Palestinian Territories (assuming the person had entered the West Bank from Jordan for example and had not yet been to Israel).
As examples:
Israel and Palestine.
They are the people who stayed in Palestine after Israel declared its Independence in 1948. These Arabs were given the option of having Israeli citizenship and took it. They live in the pre-1967 Israel only.
No. The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict started in the 1920s.
Palestine, Jerusalem, West Bank, Gaza, and Israel.
The British Mandate of Palestine covered all of current day Israel (including the occupied territories) and Jordan, as well as parts of Syria. Currently however, the term Palestine refers to the Occupied Territories where Israel has put the Palestinians previously occupying what is now Israel. The Israeli Defense Forces controls Palestine with an iron fist, though recently there has been efforts to bring the Palestinian Authority to power. This has not been successful as of yet because of many things, among them Israel's want for an Israeli Jerusalem without Palestinians and Israel's wants for better safety for their citizens (leading to much worse safety for Palestinians).
It is highly unlikely that Palestine will prevail against Israel through strength of arms. Arab armies far larger and better equipped have not been able to achieve this. Palestine can certainly fight a guerrilla war or an intifada that will have an affect on Israeli resolve, but the best bet for a free and independent Palestine is to choose to accept that Israel is a necessary partner for peace. Israel is not going anywhere.
Israel has never actually declared war on Palestine. If you are referring to a specific war between Israel and Hamas or the general causes of the Israeli Occupation of the West Bank or the Gaza Strip, please ask that question. If this is a general question on the causes of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, please see the Related Question below.
President Obama said that The United States does not accept the legitimacy of continued Israeli and palestine agresions towards each other.
It depends on your terms. If you are referring to the West Bank and the Gaza Strip cumulatively as Palestine and the 1949 borders of the State of Israel as Israel, then Israel is 3x larger than Palestine. If you are referring to the British Mandate of Palestine, then the State of Israel according to 1949 borders is smaller than Palestine. If you are comparing the current areas under Israeli control to the area of Mandatory Palestine, they are roughly equal. (The gain in the Golan Heights is more-or-less offset by the loss of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank Zone A regions.)
Ma'ale Adumim is an Israeli Settlement in the West Bank, beyond the edge of East Jerusalem. As an Israeli Settlement in the West Bank, Ma'ale Adumim is not technically in Israel, but in the lands officially belonging to the State of Palestine.
India successfully won its independence, but Palestine and Israel continue their conflict over land.
Only one country controlled the area of the Mandate for Palestine prior to Israeli Independence: the British Empire.