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Can both state courts and federal courts have jurisdiction over the same matter and parties?
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
It depends on the matter and whether it is a civil matter or a criminal matter.
Added: There are areas where state and federal jurisdiction overlap, however - one of them would have to surrender their jurisdiction to the other. The case can not be heard concurrently, only one system can hear or try the case.
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
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Can all of the federal courts handle any matter at all?
No. In order to hear a case, the court must have subject matter jurisdiction over the issues, and must have personal jurisdiction over the parties.
What are the 3 types of cases where the federal courts have jurisdiction over cases involving subject matter?
Federal courts have subject matter jurisdiction over all matters involving federal law.
How many kinds of lower federal courts are there?
Two. The United States Courts of Appeal, and the United States District Courts. Military courts are federal courts of specific subject-matter and personal jurisdiction.
Can all of the federal courts handle any matter?
Only if the issue at hand falls under federal jurisdiction, such as federal authorities claiming jurisdiction under the commerce clause.
Which federal courts have original jurisdicton?
In most federal criminal and civil law matters, the jurisdiction of the US District Court in which the matter occurred.
How does Subject-matter jurisdiction apply to litigation?
Subject matter jurisdiction is the authority of a court to hear the type of case that is brought before it. It is jurisdiction over the type of claim brought by the plaintiff. For example, a small claims court only has subject matter jurisdiction of claims up to a certain dollar amount. Federal courts have jurisdiction over claims involving federal laws.
Can all the federal courts handle any matter at all?
No. There are a variety of federal courts that handle only specific types of law, such as federal tax court. Federal district court, the general trial courts in the federal system, have broad authority to handle trials, but only on matters of federal question or if the federal courts have jurisdiction for some other reason, such as diversity.
What are the three ground rules that must be satisfied before a federal court will hear a case?
Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction. That means, their power to hear cases is deliniated by the Constitution. If a case falls outside of the requirements set forth in Article III of the Constitution, a Federal court cannot hear the case. The three "requirements" are: Jurisdiction (is the court permitted to hear the case), Standing (do the parties have a right to bring the claim to the court) and Controversy (there must be a dispute to be litigated). Now, these are the very basic requirements. Congress has the authority to further define each of these elements for the Federal courts, as well as, the Federal court's themselves. On the other hand, state courts are courts of general jurisdiction. This means a matter can always be brought before a state court. Whether or not the matter can remain in state court is another question.
How does the jurisdiction of the US Court of Appeals for the federal circuit differ from that of the other circuits?
The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit is a federal court of specific subject-matter jurisdiction, whereas the eleven United States Circuit Courts of Appeal and the United States Court of Appeal for the District of Columbia Circuit are courts of plenary jurisdiction over specific geographic regions of the United States, as appellate courts from the jurisdiction of the ninety-four U.S. District Courts.
What is the definition of subject matter jurisdiction of federal courts?
"Subject matter jurisdiction" is the authority of a court to hear cases of a particular type. For Federal Courts, subject matter jurisdiction is limited by Article III, section 2 of the U.S. Constitution, and codified in 28 U.S.C §§ 1331-1332.Federal courts have subject matter jurisdiction (the authority to hear a case) in two situations:First, there is "Federal Question Jurisdiction." This means that cases necessarily turning on "federal questions," like the interpretation of a Federal Law or the U.S. Constitution, may be decided by Federal Courts.If there is no "Federal Question," a Federal Court may still hear the case if there is "Diversity Jurisdiction." To have "diversity jurisdiction," there must be diversity of citizenship (which means that the two parties are residents of different states -- no plaintiff can be a citizen of the same state as any defendant), and the amount in controversy must EXCEED $75,000.Subject Matter Jurisdiction in criminal cases always comes under the "federal question" prong: these are violations of the United States Criminal Code. 18 § U.S.C. 3231 applies.You cannot waive the requirements of subject matter jurisdiction. Rather, these are Constitutional safeguards, ensuring that the federal courts do not gain too much power. The diversity jurisdiction enabling law, however, is particularly helpful for foreign Plaintiffs or Defendants who are afraid of a state judge and jury bias.Subject Matter Jurisdiction Examples:A Plaintiff could not bring a suit in federal court if they were asking for $50,000 in damages for negligent driving (this is a tort, which is governed by state law, and there is no "federal question"). However, if the Plaintiff is seeking $100,000 in damages for negligent driving, and the Defendant is from a different state, it would be possible for this Plaintiff to file suit in federal court.Alternatively, a Plaintiff could sue her employer for merely $100 in federal court if she alleges that her employer discriminated against her and violated Title VII in the United States Code, the Civil Rights Act, or the 14th Amendment, which are all federal laws.
Is the Circuit Court part of the federal court system?
The thirteen US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts are the Article III intermediate appellate courts of the federal Judicial Branch. Twelve of the courts have territorial jurisdiction over cases heard in the US District Courts; the thirteenth has nationwide jurisdiction over special subject matter cases, such as patent infringement and appeals from the US Court of Federal Claims. These modern courts should not be confused with the US Circuit Courts of the 19th century, which had original (trial) jurisdiction over major criminal cases, as well as appellate jurisdiction over certain cases heard in the District Courts. Some states may also have Circuit Courts within their judicial system; however, these are not connected to the federal courts.
When do concurrent jurisdiction occur?
Concurrent Jurisdiction is the authority possessed by two or more different courts to hear and decide on the same matter within the same territory.
