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Yes, the Governor General of Canada can refuse to prorogue Parliament.

Most of the powers of the Sovereign were transferred to the Governor General by Letters Patent Constituting the Office of the Governor General of Canada, 1947. Article VI of these letters patent vest in the Governor General the authority to summon, prorogue, and dissolve the Parliament of Canada. These powers are usually used on the advice of the Prime Minister.

However, the Governor General does have the reserve power to refuse the advice of a prime minister to prorogue or dissolve the legislature. The circumstances under which the Queen's representative would refuse the advice of the Prime Minister are contested, but some common theories are as follows:

Government defeated in the House of Commons

The Governor General is only bound to accept the advice of a prime minister who enjoys the support of the elected House of Commons. Should a Government be defeated by the Lower House, then the Governor General would have cause to reject a request to prorogue Parliament.

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Q: Can the governor general refuse to prorogue parliament?
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