It depends on the brand. Dominos sugar, along with many other US brands, pass the sugar through bone char to make it whiter. An easy to get brand that does not use this practice is Florida Crystals. If you aren't sure about your brand, they probably have a hot line number and you can ask them if they refine their sugar through bone char.
I have tried it and dosent make much of a diffrence!
You use caster sugar or cane sugar.
honey
Yes, you can use caster sugar to make buttercream icing. You will need to cream the butter and sugar until you get the correct texture.
yes.
Scones are usually made without sugar.
Yes, you can use caster sugar instead of granulated sugar. However, be careful on the measurements. Use a little less caster sugar. Caster sugar is finer granulated sugar. It is not as fine as powdered sugar, but it is in between granulated and powder. Caster sugar dissolves more easily,so it is very beneficial in making meringues.
yes, they are the same thing
It probably does not have the right texture. So not, best not.
If you are measuring by weight, yes. If you are measuring by volume (i.e "cups"), not necessarily, since caster sugar has smaller grains and hence will "fit together" in the cup in a more compact way than granulated sugar will. This means that a cup of caster sugar will contain slightly more than a cup of granulated sugar will.
Yes, turbinado is vegan. It is often used as a replacement for refined granulated white sugar in recipes. The reason why your traditional white refined sugar is not considered vegan (or vegetarian), is because most refineries (not all) use the bone char method of making the sugar white. Turbinado sugar uses the expel-press method. It's safe for vegan diets.
Yes, you can use granulated sugar as a substitute for castor (caster) sugar in a cake. Caster sugar is a quick dissolving sugar. So it will be necessary to grind standard granulated sugar in a food processor before using as a replacement. A blender can also be used.