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In the absence of any other functional groups, the longer the alkane (pentane is longer than methane), the greater will be the intermolcular forces. Thus, it will take more energy to change states for the longer molecule than the shorter (b.p. will be higher, etc.). This arises from the fact that the more carbon atoms (or the more atoms, in general), the greater will be the dispersion forces. These may very well be the only intermolecular forces present, if there are no dipoles, or hydrogen bonding.

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Q: Could someone explain the differences in changes of state in terms of intermolecular forces of attraction between a short molecule i.e. methane and a longer molecule i.e. pentane.?
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