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Answer 1

The Islamic civilization affected Europe positively and dramatically. Europe benefited from hundreds of Islamic inventions in all science aspects including physical, mathematical, medical, astronomical, social, and political sciences. Many Europeans at that time studied Arabic to be able to digest Arabic sciences.

Answer 2

Islam has and continues to impact Europe in a myriad of ways. The growth of Islamic Caliphates directly opposed European economic and political interests in the Middle East including the decline of Byzantine Empire and the Islamic Conquest of Spain. The Crusades, which fundamentally changed European culture and helped to usher in the Modern Era would not have occurred has Muslims not been in control of the Holy Land. Math and Science were substantially improved and the Greco-Roman Classics were preserved in the Islamic Caliphates and given back to Europeans during this period.

Later the Turkish Ottoman Empire (a Muslims State) conquered a vast swath of territory in southeastern Europe including what is now the Balkans, Greece, Romania, and Hungary, bringing Islam into the heart of Europe and leaving behind large Muslims populations in Bosnia, Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Bulgaria. The Ottomans were the preeminent military force in the region using state-of-the-art artillery and military organization. These tactics were eventually added to European warfare styles.

In recent times, there was European colonization and occupation in North Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and Southeast Asia, which have large indigenous Muslim populations. During this colonial period, Europe used its power and military might to extract numerous resources, both human and natural from the Islamic World to enlarge European coffers. However, that colonization led to a linguistic and historical connection between the European States and their former Islamic Imperial Territories. As a result of that connection and the required rebuilding of Europe after World War II, many immigrants arrived in Europe from these regions bringing their faith with them. This has caused numerous political debates as to whether Islam is reconcilable with European values and resulted in many impoverished Muslim communities developing across Europe.

Comment on answer 2
  • Islam civilization was based on many Islamic authentic inventions and discoveries in all aspects of life. You may refer to the invention of the Arabic Chifres that used currently as English numbers, the zero, the decimal system, medical tools, astronomy, and many other areas. So, it was not based on Greco-Roman and just returned back to the Europeans
  • Muslim controlled countries benefited from the Islam civilization and flourished in economically and socially. While the European control of Muslim countries led to depriving those countries from gaining of the European civilization and deprived the Muslim countries from their own resources. The Europeans used the labor of the Muslim countries in Europe for being cheap labor.
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Q: Describe and analyze the political impact of Islam in Europe from 1000-1750?
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