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Farming was the basis of all the ancient Greek city-states, equally so in Sparta and Athens.

The difference was that Athenians owned and farmed their own plots.

In Sparta, after they conquered Messenia they turned the people into serfs (bound to the land and paying a percentage of their cops to their overlord). Their overlord was Sparta, which allocated the produce of seven serfs to each Spartan citizen, which allowed the Spartans to concentrate on military training.

The Athenian farmers obviously had to do their military training part time.

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