According to The Bible, all the Hebrew people who left Egypt died in the wilderness, apart from Joshua and Caleb. However, all their decendents are said to have gone to Canaan.
However, a near consensus of scholars is reported to believe that there never was an Exodus of Hebrew people from Egypt, as described in the Bible. If the Hebrews did not leave Egypt under Moses, they did not go to Canaan.
All Jews (aside from converts) are descended from the Hebrews of the Bible, who at one time lived in Canaan. Later many of them migrated to Europe.
Actually, according to the Bible, the ancient Egyptians enslaved the Hebrews, until they broke out of Egypt and headed back to their "Promised Land" in Canaan. However, there are no Egyptian records or archaeological evidence of them ever being in Egypt. If it affected Egypt at all, it wasn't very much.
First of all, they were not called Jews because this term is used to define one as part of the tribe of Judah. A better term would be Hebrew, meaning to cross over. The Hebrews were sojourners in Canaan before they moved to Egypt when Joseph was second in command to the king of Egypt.
While in Egypt, the Hebrews were known as the "Children of Israel". The main reason for that particular label was the fact that they were all descended from Jacob, who was also named Israel. They never crossed Egypt. The part of Egypt that they inhabited was adjacent to its eastern boundary, and when they left Egypt, they exited toward the east. So they never traversed any part of the country other than the part they had inhabited for hundreds of years.
Canaan is normally referred to as the promised land. It was an important destination as it would become the home of all Israelites released from Egypt.
Jacob and the other 68 people who migrated to Egypt with him did so because of the severe famine in Canaan.
1) The route of Abraham from Ur to Harran and Canaan. 2) The route of Abraham to Egypt and back. 3) The route of Jacob to Harran and back. 4) The route of the Israelites from Egypt to Canaan. The first and third of the above, followed the curve of the Fertile crescent, skirting north of the Syrian Desert. Abraham's route to Egypt could have followed the coast or the Jordan valley. The route of the Israelites was a convoluted one.
The Hebrews believed Canaan was their promised land because they were descendants of Abraham, to whom God had promised the land. They viewed Canaan as a gift from God, a place where they could live in peace and worship Him freely. This belief was an important part of their identity and faith.
The descendants of Abraham, including his grandson Jacob and his family, went to Egypt during a famine in Canaan. Jacob's son Joseph had risen to power in Egypt and invited his family to live there. This migration eventually led to the Israelites settling in Egypt and later being enslaved.
They were kept as slaves for centuries. The Israelites (Hebrews) at first enjoyed a prosperous period in Egypt (Genesis 47:27), since the Egyptians were grateful to Joseph (a leading Israelite) for having enabled them to survive a famine (Genesis ch.41). Later, the Israelites were enslaved by the Egyptians (Exodus ch.1), with backbreaking labor and cruel decrees (ibid). By the time of the Exodus, many of the Israelites had given up hope (Exodus ch.6).
It has been reported that almost all biblical scholars now agree that there never was an Exodus from Egypt, nor a military conquest of Canaan as described in the Bible. The historical answer is therefore that no Hebrews started out from Egypt or entered the Promised Land after forty years in the wilderness.However, Exodus does say that approximately six hundred thousand fighting men left Egypt. Numbers goes to considerable lengths to demonstrate this figure, and furthermore says that almost exactly the same number entered the Promised Land forty years later. It has been estimated that 600,000 fighting men would be equivalent to a total population of at least two and a half million people, including priests, women, children and the elderly. This is both the number supposed to have left Egypt and to have entered the Promised Land. As none of those who left Egypt would be permitted to enter th Promised Land (except Joshua and Caleb), then many millions more must have been born, died and were buried in the wilderness.
Every Hebrew left Egypt, after all they got their freedom.