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Did slavery lead to secession

Updated: 9/16/2023
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Slavery most certainly led to secession.

The impetus of secession was the Election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States in 1860. Southern states, convinced that his policies would ruin them, began to secede from the Union, beginning with South Carolina in December, 1860.

Why did the Election of Lincoln prompt the Southern states to leave the union? Because Lincoln had pledged, not to end slavery, but to ban the expansion of slavery into the territories. This was a means of checking the movement by Southerners to make slavery universal and perpetual. With the entry of Kansas into the Union, slavery would ultimately be dissolved due to the unequal proportion of free states and slave states. This initially prevented the slavery issue from dissolving the Union at the time of the Missouri Compromise (1820).

The Confederates themselves noted slavery as the cause of secession.

Vice President Alexander Stephens declared that the cornerstone of the new government "rest[ed] upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery - subordination to the superior race - is his natural and normal condition. This, our new government, is the first, in the history of the world, based upon this great physical, philosophical, and moral truth".

See the Formal Declarations of reasons by South Carolina, Georgia, Texas, and Mississippi for further evidence.

Furthermore, there are those who suggest that the pro-slavery southerners just wanted more time, and slavery would have just ended on it's own. But the fact that Abraham Lincoln was not pledged to the ending of slavery, only the prevention of the spread of slavery into the territories demonstrates that it was the intention of the Confederate states to perpetuate slavery indefinitely. Slavery had always been profitable for those people who maintained it.

Owen Lovejoy, one of the "Radical Republicans" in Congress, offered the slaveholders a quarter-century to transition from slavery, and even this was unacceptable to the Southern politicians. The North, including Lincoln tried to bend over backwards to prevent secession, fighting in the beginning of the war only to preserve the union, not to end slavery where it already existed. In fact, had Lincoln tried to end slavery universally before the end of the war, the border states may have seceded too.

In the end, the secession of the Southern states actually allowed for the passage of the 13th Amendment in 1865, which ended slavery in all parts of the Union. The bill was passed by the Union Congress, and under Reconstruction, the new Southern legislatures were required to ratify it.

Still, after Reconstruction ended, the emancipated slaves were kept in virtual slavery (segregation and discrimination) until the 1960s.

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this document said that slavery could not spread into other lands gained from mexico. because of this, the southerners were angered because they wanted slavery and this is one of the things that eventually lead to succession.


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How did secession lead to the American Civil War?

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Slavery and the election of Abraham Lincoln


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