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brake shoes fit drums and now adays go on the back. Disk pads go almost always on the front. Old cars used brake shoes on front and back ,but that stopped early 1970's. New cars have disk pads front and back, thought i better through this one in for all the new car buffs.
The brake calipers can be the same the front calipers on turbo cars is normally bigger as up to 90% of your braking force is on the front brakes but the back ones are somtimes bigger not always
Most cars have 4 brake pads in the front two per side of the car
Equal. Both vehicles were moving and responsible for avoiding contact.
If on the rear you might have to turn the piston clockwise. If on the front you must force the piston in.
Cars would use shocks or struts in front but not both.
Some U.S. states require plates (often called tags) in both front and back, others on back only.
There are 2 pads per wheel. There are 4 or a set per axle which means either both front or both rear. Some cars have rear drum brakes so they require an axle set of brake shoes.
It is important to know how to change a cars brake pads. Lift the car, remove the tire, brake shoe and pull the brake pad out of the brake shoe/caliper.
All cars that I know of lock both wheels when the E-Brake is pressed
All modern mass-produced cars and light trucks DO have hydraulic brakes on the front and the rear wheels. Heavy trucks generally have air brakes on all the wheels. Maybe you are thinking of cars that have disk brakes on the front and drum brakes on the rear? On cars, these are both hydraulically operated using the same hydraulic (brake) fluid. In normal stopping situations, the front brakes do more work than the rear brakes. Maybe 70 or 80% of the braking is done by the front wheels (it depends on where the weight is in the car and how fast you stop). Disk brakes are a somewhat better brake for a car, but drum brakes are a little cheaper to manufacture. So, disk brakes are almost always used on the front wheels where the braking is more important. Drum brakes are used on the back of some cars to save money. Note that performance cars (sports cars) almost always have disk brakes on all of the wheels.
Turn your front wheels into the curb in case the parking brake fails.