Luminosity depends directly on mass because more massive main-sequence stars do not need to graviationally contract as far to reach fusion temperatures, and so they have a larger volume and contain a much larger amount of light energy, which diffuses out and generates a higher luminosity, very roughly in proportion to the higher volume.
Yes, because more massive stars tend to burn hotter and brighter.
yes
Beacuse they are dimmer, but they're also bigger than the main sequence stars.
above the main-sequence stars
The HR diagram does not reference stars on their way to the main sequence, only during or after.
Such stars consist mainly of hydrogen-1.
No. Main sequence stars are simply stars that are fusing hydrogen into helium and have a specific relationship between color and luminosity. They range from red dwarfs to large O-type main sequence stars.
On such a diagram, those stars lie on a curve called the "main sequence". It is not a simple relationship - for example, it isn't a straight line on the diagram. Therefore, it isn't easy to describe in words. It's best if you look up "Main sequence", for example on the Wikipedia, and look at the corresponding diagram.
"main sequence" is the tern.
There are billions of stars that are not on the main sequence.
Of the stars you can see from Earth, 90% are in the main sequence.
The smallest stars in the main sequence are the stars with cooler surface temperatures.
main sequence stars , our sun is also a main sequence star
About 90% of the observed stars are on the main sequence. See related question
main sequence stars , our sun is also a main sequence star
Main sequence stars include the hottest stars as well as the coolest ones.
The Hertzsprung-Russell ishowing the relationship between the stars' absolute magnitudes or luminosities. The sequence is Obafgkmrns. Each letter representing a classification of type.
On a logarithmic scale for luminosity, it is quite close to a negative linear relationship.