No. They must follow the law. EVERYONE has a loved one that they believe should be treated 'specially.' You can make an appeal to ICE, if you genuinely believe you have a unique case.
Whether a US citizen can work in Japan is completely unrelated to that person's UK residency status. It is a matter for Japanese law and regulations.
No. A baby born in the United States is a citizen of the United States no matter where he/she subsequently moves.
No that should not matter. You just need to take the classes in the US.
The Constitution (Article II) says for a person to be eligible for the presidency, he or she must be at least 35 years old, a natural born citizen, and a resident of the United States for at least fourteen years. While the meaning of "natural born citizen" has been debated over the years, the legal consensus is that it refers to the person himself (or herself) being born in the United States, and it does not matter whether one or both of the parents were born here.
The citizenship of the residential hopefuls parents is not important. It does not matter if none, one, or both of a persons parents had United States Citizenship. What does matter is that the person in question was born a United States Citizen.
The Constitution (Article II) says for a person to be eligible for the presidency, he or she must be at least 35 years old, a natural born citizen, and a resident of the United States for at least fourteen years. While the meaning of "natural born citizen" has been debated over the years, the legal consensus is that it refers to the person himself (or herself) being born in the United States, and it does not matter whether one or both of the parents were born here.
Of course not. Barack Obama was born in Hawaii in 1961, and he is a citizen of only the United States. But his father, who had the same name, was born in Kenya and was a citizen of that country. It should be noted that a small group of people called "Birthers" believe President Obama is not American; but there is no credible evidence to support their belief and every reputable source that has investigated the matter has concluded that Mr. Obama was in fact born in the United States and is thus a natural-born citizen of the United States.
In Australia, no. It is very similar to an election and is run by the Australian Electoral Commission using the same electoral rolls. To be on the roll, you need to be a citizen.
In ancient Greece, the city state of Athens had a democracy where each and every citizen voted on a matter. The United States has an indirect democracy where the citizens vote for representatives into a body (the senate and house of representatives) and they are the ones who actually vote for legislation.
States as in the United States? Province. State as in matter? Phase, stage.
To become a resident of a US state you must establish your residency according to the laws that relate to the matter. Examples of evidence of domicile for all US states would be, paid state taxes, driver's license or state ID, voter registration, property ownership, etc.
Yes, Puerto Rico is a United States Commonwealth, so a person born there is a natural born US citizen, so provided he meet the other requirements for President, a Puerto Rican born on the island or anywhere else in the U.S. could hold the office.