No. An aircraft takes off and lands into the wind. (Or as close as possible to directly into the wind).
If conditions (airport layout and traffic conditions) allow aircraft take off and land against the wind (headwind). This way the aircraft can take off or approach the runway at a lower ground speed.
Yes a head wind and flaps set to mid for wing configuration
It then produces lift due to wing configuration and can take off
If it can be helped always land and take off into the wind (wind in your face)
No, an airplane typically does not take off with the wind at its back. Taking off into the wind provides additional lift, as the aircraft's wings generate more airflow over them. This helps the plane achieve the necessary speed for takeoff more efficiently and safely. Therefore, pilots usually choose runways that are aligned with the prevailing wind direction.
It allows it to take off and land
Depends on the airplane. Every aircraft has different specific guidelines for altitude, velocity, max wind speed and weight, as well as many other limitations.
Space Shuttle
Aircraft always try to take off and land INTO the wind, as the effect of the wind flowing over the surface of the wing increases lift and therefore reduces the speed necessary to perform a take-off/landing. For example, if an airliner has a computed take-off speed of 130knots, but there is a 10knot wind blowing directly at the aircraft during the take-off roll, the airliner only needs to achieve 120knots as the 10knot wind provides the extra to reach the required 130. Of course it is rare that the wind will be blowing in the exact same direction as the alignment of the runway, which is why major airports have several runways, pointing in different directions. If there is just a single runway, aircraft may have to land or take-off in cross-wind directions. This can affect the control of the aircraft but safety dictates the maximum amount of cross-wind before it is deemed unsafe to land - usually in excess of 40knots.
Amphibious airplanes can take off and land on water or land. They are fixed-wing seaplanes that are equipped with retractable wheels.Amphibious helicopters are modified helicopters that can take off and land on either water or land. They are invaluable for rescue work on the water.
An airplane flap extends the wing area during take-off and landing, to give extra lift at low speed. This allows the airplane to take-off and land at reasonably low speeds (around 150mph for most jet airliners).
In general and not specifically Heathrow aircraft takeoff into the wind, this helps reduce the four flight problems of weight, drag, thrust and lift. I hope this answer helped