No, the rights of both citizens and non-citizens are protected by the US Constitution. However, there are some right specifically reserved for citizens, such as the right to a Federal job and to vote.
In actuality, the Constitution doesn't apply to "citizens," nor does it even apply to "people." It applies to the government. It tells the government what it can and can't do (the body tells the government what it can do, and the Bill of Rights tells it what it can't do).
Immigration rules are administrative ones, and are mandated by Congress, not the courts.
While what is said above is legally true, in reality, non-citizen's rights are NOT protected by the US Constitution. The government cannot completely remove the right of aliens to keep and bear arms, have freedom of expression, etc, but it can greatly restrict those rights almost to the point where they are non-existent. This just goes to show that the interpretation of the US Constitution and the Bill of Rights is really completely arbitary on the part of the government.
The rights apply to every one in the US, not only citizens.
Naturalized citizens must apply for citizenship.
only US citizens can hold a US passport. the resident alien must first apply and complete the citizenship process
You can only work in the US if you have a work permit which you would have to apply for at immigration. unless you are here on a student visa.
No. The law varies depending on the situation.
Not only can they, but companies receiving money from the 2008/09 Stimulus Package MUST hire US citizens if they have laid off US citizens.
One responsibility that is only for US citizens is holding the office of the President of the United States. A person must be born in the US to be president. Voting is another thing that only citizens can do.
If Mexican nationals apply for US citizenship they might get legal papers, IF they are accepted as US citizens.
One responsibility that is only for US citizens is the right to vote in federal elections. Only US citizens are eligible to participate in the democratic process by voting for their representatives in the federal government. Non-citizens, including permanent residents, do not have this right.
The right to vote in the US.
No. The child is considered a US citizen being born there and does not require a green card. The parents can apply to become citizens but they have to already have a green card. Every body is entitled to get a green card and apply for citizenship .