For a healthy environment, the temperature of a body of water needs to be inversely proportional to the concentration of dissolved oxygen in it. The higher the oxygen level, the temperature needs to be lower to promote fish growth.
Driving should have your full concentration if possible.
Because particles are moving from an area of low concentration o high concentration, energy is required.
A concentration gradient and a (semi-)permeable membrane.
This temperature is not calculated.
The higher the substrate concentration, the higher the rate of reaction, up till the point when the limiting factor is no longer the concentration of substrate but other factors like enzyme concentration of temperature.
The Concentration
32 degrees F
This depends on concentration, temperature, pressure, stirring, etc.
For mammals very little, except for the energy expenditure required to maintain a constant internal temperature.
active transport of sodium and chloride ions from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
Many electrochemical reactions produce or consume species in the solution. The rates of reactions involving dissolved species which participate as reactants in the rate-determining step(that stage in the reaction which controls its rate) will be dependent on the concentration of the dissolved species. As the dissolved species are consumed by the reaction, so a greater change in potential will be required to maintain the current, and this is known as concentration polarization. A reaction for which concentration polarization dominates is referred to as mass-transport or diffusion controlled.
The critical distance a cell must maintain from a capillary in order to survive is rarely greater than 40 to 200 µm. The role that diffusion plays in this process is that it can maintain the concentration gradient required at the cell.
required to maintain nerve fiber sheath
The same way your refrigerator at home does, just on a larger scale. Cooling system and air circulation.
Yes - the solubility of gas in water DECREASES as the water temperature. As the temperature increases, the fugacity of the dissolved gases also increases. As a result, the concentration of the dissolved gas required to remain in equilibrium with undissolved gas goes down. By Henry's law:At a constant temperature, the amount of a given gas that dissolves in a given type and volume of liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium with that liquid.In mathematical terms (at least at constant temperature):p = kHcwhere p is the partial pressure of the solute in the gas above the solution, c is the concentration of the solute and kH is a constant with the dimensions of pressure divided by concentration. The constant, known as the Henry's law constant, depends on the solute, the solvent and the temperature. As Temperature increases, kH increases, so for a constant pressure of the gas above the liquid (in this case, water), c (the concentration of the dissolved gas) must decrease.This phenomena is observable when you put a pot of water on to boil. As it starts to warm up - but long before it starts to boil - small bubbles will start to appear on the bottom suface of the pan. These first tiny bubbles are NOT steam bubbles; they are bubbles of air coming out of solution. As another example, warm soda fizzes much more explosively when you open the container than the same soda when cold because the dissolved carbon dioxide is much less soluble in the warm soda.
We do get hungry but slightly less so. Some of the food we consume is used to maintain body temperature. When the ambient temperature is high less food is required.
The part of the body that regulates our core body temperature is the region of the brain called the hypothalamus. It monitors the temperature of the blood that passes through it, and orders any physiological changes that are required to maintain a constant 37oC.