I also had the same noise, and replaced the lifters, checked for play etc. After further disassembly it turned out to be from piston slap. On a few pistons the skirts had actually cracked off, but were still held in place due to the shape of the piston and direction of cracks.
take off the bolts at the top of the piston head
It is most likely a normal condition. The engine needs to build up oil pressure to lubricate the rollers. No damage should result. it is not the roller lifters it is the piston pin it has a slight amount of play and when the piston heats up the aluminum will expand and quite up
Toyota changed piston size in engine. It is shorter and creates wear on piston rings.
If the size of the piston is increased, the power will increase. If it is decreased, the power will decrease.
No, a ticking noise could be lifters, rods, piston slap or who knows what else without hearing it.
The most common reason for a new engine not starting is a lack of fuel or a lack of spark. Make sure fuel is getting too the piston and that there is spark in the piston.
the crank shaft has been changed to alter the travel of the piston in the cylinder
Could be several things depending on how hard of a knock it is. Rod bearing, stuck piston ring, cracked piston, low oil and lifters chattering, fuel injector stuck. Any knock is usually serious and almost always expensive to fix.
If your valves are way out of range you could contact the cylinder head or the piston and possibly bend the valve but it isn't likely they would be that far out of range. If you have hydraulic lifters you shouldn't have that problem. With solid lifters, be sure to slacken all of the adjustments.
There would be 0 backlash on a hydraulic cam. If you asking about piston to valve clearance, you would want about .100" , but shouldn't need to worry about it if it's stock.
A camshaft opens/closes the intake/exhaust valves at predetermined points of the piston travel. The cam is driven by the crankshaft, the rotating cam lobes operates thru lifters/followers that ride against the lobes.
This would happen if the cylinder was not also changed with the piston. http://store.chainsawr.com/