yes and such miniaturization has been around for a long time now. The degree of miniaturization possible far exceeds a few thousand on something as big as a fingernail.
Silicon
The human fingernail is made almost entirely of a protein known as keratin. The same is true of human hair.
material scientists are scientists who work with different types of materials to cate new ones
Modern silicon transistors are by layering a semi conductor material on top of a conductor material on top of a semi conductor material. Various materials have been tried to improve the effeciency of the transistor. Most transistors these days come as part of an intergrated circuit or IC
When ice freezes it can freeze gas and other material inside of it and some ice may have been there from thousands of years ago and scientists may want to find out how much carbon dioxide was in the atmosphere then etc.
transistor are materials they have to be extracted and purified this relies on chemistry and material science
You can use fingernail polish remover (Acetone) but there are lots of different random cleaners that might work. If the material is not "fragile" I suggest trying some (or all:) the stain removers in your stash.
why do scientists believe explains the increased density of material deeper into the mantle
Gold
Yes A spur is an outgrowth of the leg bone and is surrounded by a cone of keratin material much like a fingernail.
scientists
Orphan children lots of unwanted children