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Hormones can do all of the following to a target cell except make the cell?
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What is the difference between protein hormones and steroid hormones and how they communicate with their target cells?
Steroid hormones arelipid-soluble and can dissolve easily into the cell membrane of the target cell to connect with receptors. Protein hormones are water-soluble and connect with receptors at the membrane because it can't diffuse through the membrane.
Which of the following substances does a cytotoxic T cell secrete to destroy a target cell?
Perforin!
Cell membranes perform all the following except?
Contain the cell's framework
Why target cell respond to the hormone while others are uneffected?
Target cells respond to hormones because they have specific receptors for the hormone on their cell membrane or inside the cell. These receptors enable the hormone to bind and initiate a cellular response. Other cells that do not have the specific receptors for that hormone are unaffected because they cannot bind to the hormone or activate the necessary signaling pathways.
But the end of prophase each of the following has occurred except?
lining up of chromosomes in the cell
What do you call the cell that accepts specific hormones?
Target cell
What hormones can enter the target cell and bind to receptors in the nucleus?
steriod hormones - since they are lipophilic and fusses with the membrane to enter teh cell.
Are hormones target molecules or signal molecules?
Hormones affect target cells because target cells have receptors that bind with certain hormones (they're specific). If a cell does not have a receptor then it is not affected by hormones. Target cells (which do have the receptor for a particular hormone) would be affected by the hormone.
The receptors for thyroid hormones are found?
within the nucleus of the target cell
Why do protein hormones need second messenger to activate target cell?
Protein hormones that need second messenger to activate a target cell are hydrophobic. They therefore need these second messengers in order to penetrate into the cell membrane. steroid hormones are hydrophilic so they do not need second messengers.
What are hormones carried in to their target cell?
Hormones are chemcial messengers released into the blood stream to be carried through out the body to target cells.
How does a hormone identify its target?
Only target cells have receptors inside cytoplazm (for steroid hormones) or on cell membrane (for protein hormones) that make the hormone active.
What is the difference between protein hormones and steroid hormones and how they communicate with their target cells?
Steroid hormones arelipid-soluble and can dissolve easily into the cell membrane of the target cell to connect with receptors. Protein hormones are water-soluble and connect with receptors at the membrane because it can't diffuse through the membrane.
The receptors for catecholamine and polypeptide hormones are found?
on the outer surface of the target cell
How do hormones leave the cell?
Most hormones reach target cells by blood . Some types of hormones reach target cells by other ways e.g. pheromones via air ; local hormones via diffusion etc .
Where would steroid hormones most likely interact with their target cell?
In the nucleus.
explain why hormones in the bloodstream are able only to affect target cells/organs and not other cells/organs?
Hormones in the bloodstream are able to affect target cells/organs and not other cells/organs because of selective permeability. This means that hormones are only able to pass through the cell membrane of certain cells and organs, and not through the cell membrane of other cells and organs. The cell membrane of the target cells and organs are specialized to allow the hormones to pass through, while the cell membrane of other cells and organs are not specialized and are therefore impermeable to the hormones. This is due to the presence of receptor proteins on the cell membrane of the target cells and organs. These receptor proteins can bind to the hormones and facilitate their entry into the cell. Since these receptor proteins are not present on the cell membrane of other cells and organs, the hormones are unable to bind to them and therefore unable to cross the cell membrane. In addition, hormones can be broken down by enzymes in the bloodstream, which means they can’t reach their target cells and organs if they are exposed to the enzymes. This further ensures that hormones only affect the target cells and organs, and not other cells and organs. In summary, hormones in the bloodstream are able to affect target cells and organs and not other cells and organs because of selective permeability and the presence of receptor proteins on the cell membrane of the target cells and organs. Other cells and organs do not have these specialized receptor proteins and therefore cannot be affected by the hormones.
