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Disc brake pads " clamp " on each side of the rotor when the brake pedal is pressed

Brake shoes spread apart so they contact the inside of the brake drum when the brake pedal is pressed

Assuming everything is working properly
Disc brakes have two brake pads that squeeze on a ( rotor ) plate , one brake pad on

each side of the rotor

Drum brakes have two brake shoes that spread apart inside a brake drum
Disk brakes have ( 2 ) brake pads that squeeze on each side of the brake rotor

( brake disk ) when the brakes are applied . Drum brakes have ( 2 ) brake shoes that

spread apart inside the brake drum when the brakes are applied

The Ford Explorer , starting with the 1995 model , had disk brakes on the rear instead

of drum brakes
A drum brake looks a bit like a cooking pot that's rotating around the axle. Inside, and not rotating are two semicircular pads that can be forced apart, towards the inside surface of the pot to slow the rotation. Instead of a pot a disc brake has a disc rotating around the axle, and then at one place there's a clamp that the disc is passing through. When braking the clamp closes down and pinches the disc, much like a human catching a frisbee, to slow the vehicle down. Discs have better cooling while drums are simpler to manufacture.
Disc brakes are designed around a rotor that 2 disc clamp onto to stop the vehicle. Drum brakes expand against a drum where 2 shoes expand to stop the vehicle. The action of clamping is more efficient than expanding to stop a vehicle. This makes disc brakes superior to drum brakes.

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Q: How are disc brakes different from drum brakes?
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