It doesn't. The part of the Earth closest to the sun is the part of the Earth experiencing Winter.
At periapsis, that is, when it is closest to Earth in its orbit.
That would be at the moment of the New Moon closest to perihelion, which happens to be the one closest to New Years day or January 2. The moon is then in between the Earth and sun, while the Earth/Moon system is closest to the sun.
Sirius is a star, not a planet, and it is not the closest star to Earth or anywhere near being the closest (technically the closest star to Earth is the sun, and the next closest is Proxima Centauri).
If one end of the earth's axis is leaning away from the sun, then the other end must be leaning toward it. Whichever half of the earth happens to be leaning away has Winter, while the half that's leaning toward the sun at the same time has Summer at the same time.
The Earth rotates on it's axis. In the summer, the Earth is tilted towards the sun. In the winter, the Earth is titled away from the sun. On the Earth, the northern regions (above the equator) have winter, while the southern regions (below the equator) have summer. Then, the opposite becomes true. The southern regions have winter, while the norther regions have summer. The distance nearer and farther from the sun makes no difference as far as the Earth's summer and winter is concerned.
Mars has a minimum of 33.9 million miles away from Earth (consider the orbital path!) and a maximum of 250 million miles away. On average, it is about 140 million miles away. However, the closest planet is Venus. With the closest to Earth being only 23.6 million miles away, and the farthest being 162.2 million miles away!
norway
Venus is closest to the Earth in terms of width (diameter). Its mean diameter is 12103km, while Earths is 12742km. Venus' diameter is therefore around 95% of Earths.
A supernova while the Earth was being created.
In simple terms, a summer solstice refers to the time period in which a hemisphere is tilted to face its parent sun most directly. This means that the day on which it occurs will be the 'longest' of the year for that hemisphere. (The phenomenon is not limited to Earth, but cam be found on any planet with a tilt in its axis). The Northern Hemisphere's summer solstice for 2015 will occur on June 21, at 16:38 (Universal Coordinated Time).
Venus is closer to Earth than Saturn. Earth is after Venus in order of the planets, while Saturn has Mars and Jupiter between itself and Earth.
it has to do with how close the sun is to earth