Charlemagne led offensive wars against Umayyad (Muslim) holdings in northern Spain and eventually was able to establish the Marca Hispanica or the Spanish March as a buffer state between his Kingdom of the Franks and the Umayyad Caliphate. This buffer region prevent Umayyad incursions and raids into sovereign Frankish territory. When Frankish power waned, the Marca Hispanica became quasi-independent governates and eventually became part of Christian Spain. Today, the Marca Hispanica roughly corresponds to Catalonia, Navarre, Basque Country, and Rioja.
Charlemagne's kingdom was divided by the Treaty of Verdun.
Charlemagne’s sons fought for power and weakened the kingdom
The treaty that divided Charlemagne's empire was the Treaty of Verdun.
Charlemagne Expands his Kingdom One in power, Charlemagne sought to unite all the Germanic peoples into one kingdom, and convert his subjects to Christianity. In order to carry out this mission, he spent the majority of his reign engaged in military campaigns.
On the death of Pepin the kingdom was divided between Charlemagne and his brother Carloman (Carloman ruled Austrasia). Carloman died on December 5, 771, leaving Charlemagne the leader of a reunified Frankish kingdom. Charlemagne was engaged in almost constant battle throughout his reign.
Converted his kingdom to Christianity.
Charlemagne
Western Europe.
Charlemagne
Lothair
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lothair