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They destroyed the Second Temple, the entire city of Jerusalem and (later) the city of Beitar. Over a million Jews died in the Second Destruction (Josephus).

At first the Romans had been cordial; and they actually became party to a military treaty with Judea (Talmud, Avodah Zara 8b). The Romans didn't originally interfere much in Jewish internal matters, because the main thing that they wanted was taxes and a quiet populace.


Later, however, they unilaterally abrogated the treaty, and placed Roman governors over the land who afflicted the Jews with crushing taxation (Talmud, Yoma 9a).

In the first two centuries CE, things got worse, with the Romans destroying Jerusalem and the Second Temple after the Jewish Zealots attempted to revolt. The Romans sold hundreds of thousands of Jews into slavery (Josephus). From time to time they forbade the observance of the Torah-commands, and they killed several of the leading Sages, despite the fact that the Torah-leaders had advised against revolt (Talmud, Gittin 56a).

Later, Simeon Bar Kochba led a second revolt, in an ill-advised attempt to recreate the independent Judea. The Romans responded by destroying Betar.

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They destroyed the Second Temple, the entire city of Jerusalem and (later) the city of Beitar. Over a million Jews died in the Second Destruction (Josephus).

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general vespasian crush the uprising

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Q: How did Romans respond to Jewish rebelions?
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