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During the US Civil War, many Afro-American slaves escaped from their plantations in the South and travelled north to the Federal States. This left the South, in a manner of speaking, with a shortage of labor to work the fields. Once safely in the North, they could, wherever possible, work on farms and factories, thus freeing up other men who were subject to Federal conscription.

Also, the Union formed army units from freed slaves that helped in the war with the Confederacy.

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Q: How did free and fugitive African Americans give the union an advantage?
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