Before Darwin proposed his Theory of Evolution, it was widely believed that the Earth was only 6,000 years old. Geologists noticed that the Earth changed gradually over time (tectonic plates shifting to create volcanoes, mountains, etc) in order for such changes to create the Earth known at that time, it would have to be building up such changes over millions of years, thus creating the idea of Earth's immense age which allowed for evolution to create the diverse species known today. This theory of gradualism (as it was called) was adapted into Darwin's theory to apply to the species and their gradual changes.
There is no proven theory of evolution only the physical evidence of what Chuck Norris has allowed to live.
No, Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection actually complements the principles of biogeography. Biogeography, the study of the distribution of species, provides evidence of how species have adapted to their environments over time through the process of evolution. Darwin himself used biogeographical evidence to support his theory of evolution.
In science, a theory is a well-substantiated explanation based on evidence and testing. The ideas about evolution are called theories because they have been extensively researched, tested, and supported by a wide range of scientific evidence from various fields such as genetics, paleontology, and comparative anatomy. Evolutionary theory is considered one of the most robust and well-supported theories in biology.
Although natural selection is affected by geology, and some knowledge of geology is certainly necessary to be able to interpret the evidence for the various phylogenies of evolution, these theories themselves do not affect geology. Evolution therefore remains a matter of biology, not geology.
Fossils provide physical evidence of extinct organisms and show a progression of forms over time, supporting the concept of evolution through natural selection. Biochemicals, such as DNA and proteins, can be compared between different species to reveal shared genetic sequences, indicating a common ancestry and supporting the theory of evolution.
Current theories that conflict with Darwin's theory of evolution include Lamarckism, which suggests acquired traits can be passed down through generations, and Saltationism, which proposes that large evolutionary changes can happen suddenly. Supporters of Lamarckism cite cases of epigenetics as evidence, while proponents of Saltationism point to instances of punctuated equilibrium in the fossil record to support their claims.
I believe you are referring to microevolution and macroevolution. These theories both support evolution, but each in their own way. Microevolution is the most common belief today. This states that evolution is happening so rapidly that we don't even notice it. The mutations needed for evolution happen so quickly and on such a small scale that we never realize it's happening until afterwards. Macroevolution is exactly the opposite. This states that the mutations take so long that we never notice it. Both theories, in fact, were proposed because people were asking why, if evolution actually did take place, we could never see it happening.
One unintended consequence of the theory of evolution is the misconception that it promotes the notion of "survival of the fittest" as a justification for social inequality or unethical behavior. This misinterpretation can lead to misunderstandings about the complexities of evolution and human behavior. Additionally, some may use evolution to support eugenic ideologies, which can have harmful implications for society.
I am a geologist and I know of no theory of "geologic evolution". "Evolution" as defined by Darwin describes the origin of species based on the survival of the fittest. This certainly can not be applied to geological processes, although life is integral to geology.
The vast majority of scientists support evolution. There is no longer any debate in the scientific community about whether evolution occurs, only the mechanisms in which evolution acts upon is debated.
Experiments.
The theory predicts that evolution will happen and in certain ways. The observed evolution makes this prediction correct. It also defines evolution as happening, and as such is perfect evidence in support of it.