If the North controlled the Mississippi River they could cut the Confederacy into two by cutting out Texas, LA, and AR. it also helped the North in the Anaconda plan because they can block the Mississippi river off and take control of the Confederate forts along the Mississippi.
The idea that full control of the Mississippi River would be of significant value has long been over estimated. The loss of New Orleans, the South's largest city, in April of 1862, made the loss of Vicksburg almost irrelevant. Southern military generals knew that trade was unaffected. Texas, never truly assaulted, allowed for normal military operations to the west and south. Gulf ports in Texas eased any discomfort by losing the Mississippi.
To gain control of the Mississippi River and defeat the Confederacy
The Siege and Capture of Vicksburg gave the Union control of the Mississippi River, splitting the Confederacy in two.
The battle of Vicksburg.
Anaconda plan
the confederacy was split in two after it lost strongholds along the mississippi river.
Anaconda Plan
The splitting of the Confederacy into two parts.
the anaconda plan
They took control of the Mississippi River
Vicksburg
The Mississippi river and something else
The Cumberland. The Tennessee. The Mississippi.