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The Covenants that God makes with the Jewish people within the Book of Ezekiel are not called "the Covenant of Ezekiel" by Jews. If you are specifically referring to what the Christians typically call "the Covenant of Ezekiel", which is Ezekiel 36:25-27 (see in the excerpt below), then the Jews see this as something completely different from how Christians see it, since Jews find the Christian reading to take the words out of context.

To make it clear what the Jewish reading is, it may be helpful to contrast it with the Christian reading first. The Christian reading of 36:25-27 is that God will purify the Jewish people with a new distinct covenant and that this covenant will be based on love and contrition. Christians hold that, in this way, Jesus, who preached a new covenant based on love and contrition fulfills this prophecy. However, if we read the entire paragraph, 36:24-30, this reading quickly becomes overly simplistic and innaccurate.

The Jewish reading takes in the entire paragraph and discusses a transformation of the Jewish community during the Messianic Age. It refers to a removal of the Jewish people from all over the Diaspora and a return to their historic homeland. (In the days of Ezekiel, the Jews were in exile in Babylon already.) It also refers to a return to the Jewish relationship with God, specifically a return to the ritual laws and commandments. It does not speak of a second or distinct covenant, but rather a reinstatement of the original covenant. The particular lines about the heart of stone and heart of flesh refer to the stubbornness of the Jewish people and their tendency to go astray from the Divine Mandates given to them throughout history (heart of stone) as opposed to the new overwhelming love that Jews will have to all fulfill the commandments (heart of flesh). This change in the personal attitudes of Jews to want to follow the commands is clarified in 36:27, which finishes with "keep my laws" - a part that Christians often forget.

Ezekiel 36:24-30 (NIV): 24 "'For I will take you out of the nations; I will gather you from all the countries and bring you back into your own land. 25 I will sprinkle clean water on you, and you will be clean; I will cleanse you from all your impurities and from all your idols. 26 I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit in you; I will remove from you your heart of stone and give you a heart of flesh. 27 And I will put my Spirit in you and move you to follow my decrees and be careful to keep my laws. 28 Then you will live in the land I gave your ancestors; you will be my people, and I will be your God. 29 I will save you from all your uncleanness. I will call for the grain and make it plentiful and will not bring famine upon you. 30 I will increase the fruit of the trees and the crops of the field, so that you will no longer suffer disgrace among the nations because of famine.

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Q: How do Jews understand the Covenant of Ezekiel?
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Who fulfilled the prophecies of Jeremiah Ezekiel and Isaiah as the New Covenant?

Jesus Christ, the Messiah of Israel.


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Yes.


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Some of them were!


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The physical act by male Jews as a sign of the special covenant?

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