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If the valve is broken(most like engine damage is present), if is slightly bent, stuck lifter or a broken valve spring. You can perform a leak down test. With the cylinder at Top Dead Center (compression/power stroke), with the spark plug removed install the leak down tester. The tester has 2 gauges, one shows the psi of the air your putting into the cylinder and the other is the leak down %. If the pressures are out of the acceptable range(gauge has a scale), you need the check where the air is leaking.

If you can hear the air in the intake( intake valve leaking).

If it can be heard in the exhaust(exhaust valve).

If you can hear it from the valve cover oil filler/dip stick/ breath hole(worn/ cracked rings).

Lastly if you get bubbles in the radiator/coolant jug, (you have a blown head gasket/cracked head).

I've had multiple Ford Explorer 4.0 sohc motors with broken valve springs, took the valve cover off and pulled up on the retainer and the air sealed the valve shut. Was able to change the spring without removing/retiming the cam. Good Luck

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Q: How do you check leaking or broken valves?
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