The standard way is to solder a fly lead onto the broken leg rather than trying to create a new leg which will usually either be too thick or too fragile to be serviceable. By soldering a thin wire to the leg you can then form the other end of the wire into a tip, again using solder, so that it can be inserted into the socket.
integrated circuit
Huh? Very Large Scale Integration is a packaging density of IC chips. IC chips are a manufactured product that people make on special assembly lines. Does that answer your question?
when solder IC chips on printed circuit cards
You make computer chips and most ic devices from this material.
The operation of subtraction is just the inverse of addition, if you can do one you can do the other. BTW, are you thinking analog or digital IC? If digital there are ALU IC chips that do both, depending ..
LM is a manufacturer's code--all LM chips were made by National Semiconductor. Similarly, SN chips were made by Texas Instruments.
All computer chips have been made out of transistors, you cannot make them out of vacuum tubes. The first monolithic IC chip (see image above) was made at Texas Instruments in 1958 on a bar of germanium (not silicon), it was a simple audio amplifier. The first digital logic monolithic IC chips were built around 1961 or 1962.
The main elements present in typical IC chips are:siliconoxygenaluminumboronnitrogenphosphorusindiumarsenicThe main elements present in typical IC lead frames/pins etc. are: copperaluminumtingoldThe main elements present in typical IC plastic packages are: carbonhydrogenoxygenphosphorussulfur
All computer chips have been made out of transistors, you cannot make them out of vacuum tubes. The first monolithic IC chip (see image above) was made at Texas Instruments in 1958 on a bar of germanium (not silicon), it was a simple audio amplifier. The first digital logic monolithic IC chips were built around 1961 or 1962.
2048/128 = number of chips.
Thousands, if not millions. There are so many that it would be a major task to catalog them all. They could be categorized by technology used or by function.
This question would be easier to answer if the type of IC was specified.But generally, there are 3 reasons an IC will not work:1. It is broken. If a large voltage or shock has been applied to it, or the power hooked up to it in reverse, an IC will usually burn out. This may or may not be accompanied with the release of the Magic Blue Smoke. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_smoke)2. Your power supply is dead or not outputting enough voltage. If the voltage supplied is too low for the IC to use, it may not function properly or at all. Check the power supply.3. The circuit the IC is in is broken. Check all the wires/solder points. Test the IC in a known working circuit.