There is a lot of information on a schedule, and once you work out what it all means and can find a shape code table then it becomes quite easy. However, it does feel like a foreign language when you first look at it. You can find shape code diagrams across the internet - try this one for example: http://www.ROM.co.UK/products/shape-codes.aspx
You will have a code which relates to where the bar is on the rebar drawing (which is normally the difficult bit to decode!), and the schedule will tell you information based on BS8666 (in UK), such as the shape (based on the shape code), the diameter of the bar in millimetres preceded by the type of steel to be used, the overall length of each bar, the number of bars, the number of locations you will find the bars in, and the breakdown of lengths depending in the shape.
I recommend just trying to use them regularly, they become second nature after a while.
I assume they would be tied using tie-wire to the rest of the rebar cage.
A one way slab reinforcement supports 2 walls while a two way slab reinforcement supports 4 walls. The one way slab reinforcement only supports walls in one direction.
2" based strictly on the slab thickness. However, it may be governed by form spacing, rebar spacing or rebar clearance to the forms.
The minimum covering of reinforcement for roof slab is 30mm
Ok to create a slab with no reinforcement, you have to remove tensile forces from the slab, this is only possible by manipulating its shape for only compressive forces, like make it a bit pyramidal or with a vault etc.
The reinforcement resisting flexure (bending) in the direction of the span.
You still need rebar, unless you are filling a drop in an existing slab that already has steel in it.
There is no way to answer without a design and the square footage.
no, welded wires are not powerful, it can be used only where the area of slab is small.
if length/breadth equal or greater than 2 then its oneway slab and reinforcement is on the short span because moments are great near the supports
Drill out the edge of the slab and add some dowels....or cut the slab back.
varies depending on load to be put on slab, local codes, lots of variables. Check with bldg. dept., better yet a structural engineer.