I think you should increase the annealing temperature and also reduce the PCR cycles.
Smiling occurs because of uneven electric fields through the gel
This answer assumes that prior to the electrophoresis, you have applied a restriction enzyme to the DNA which breaks it up into fragments of different lengths. Electrophoresis separates fragments of DNA according to their molecular mass, size and charge. Each band will represent a pool of fragments that are the same length. The shortest, lightest fragments will travel the furthest through the gel, where as the long, heavy fragments will not travel very far. The darkness of the band also indicates the frequency of that particular length fragment.
RNA band will be near the wells being single stranded,Genomic DNA will be at the centre of the gel being linear double stranded and plasmid DNA being circular moves faster and will be the brightest hence will be near the base..
if all the fragments are of same size (same fragment length), it will form a single band on an agarose gel. unless you are using other gel electrophoresis technique like DGGE, then only it will separate fragments with different sequences, but that will depends on the resolution power too.
You could do an Agarose Gel Electrophoresis. Run your PCR to a DNA ladder and confirm that the size of your amplified gene corresponds to the appropriate size on your DNA ladder (for example, if your gene is approximately 3000 base pairs in length, it should correspond to the 3000 bp band of the DNA ladder).
Smiling occurs because of uneven electric fields through the gel
Gel Electrophoresis
Electrophoresis is a process by which molecules are separated based on band length. That said, your question makes no sense.
This answer assumes that prior to the electrophoresis, you have applied a restriction enzyme to the DNA which breaks it up into fragments of different lengths. Electrophoresis separates fragments of DNA according to their molecular mass, size and charge. Each band will represent a pool of fragments that are the same length. The shortest, lightest fragments will travel the furthest through the gel, where as the long, heavy fragments will not travel very far. The darkness of the band also indicates the frequency of that particular length fragment.
RNA band will be near the wells being single stranded,Genomic DNA will be at the centre of the gel being linear double stranded and plasmid DNA being circular moves faster and will be the brightest hence will be near the base..
if all the fragments are of same size (same fragment length), it will form a single band on an agarose gel. unless you are using other gel electrophoresis technique like DGGE, then only it will separate fragments with different sequences, but that will depends on the resolution power too.
You could do an Agarose Gel Electrophoresis. Run your PCR to a DNA ladder and confirm that the size of your amplified gene corresponds to the appropriate size on your DNA ladder (for example, if your gene is approximately 3000 base pairs in length, it should correspond to the 3000 bp band of the DNA ladder).
When DNA is treated with restriction enzymes, and the fragments are loaded onto a gel which is subjected to electrophoresis, we get a banding pattern of the DNA fragments with the farthest band (from the gel) of those fragments smallest in size.
Each band represents a piece of DNA. The extent to which they move through the gel has to do with the fragment's electrophoretic mobility. The lighter the molecule in general the faster it can move through the gel. Usually when performing a gel electrophoresis one would use markers. These markers would be of known molecular weight and would allow you to compare your DNA fragments and find approximate molecular weights.
you mean faint band? you must have to optimize it. There might be several reasons, you have to play around with the PCR program, concentration of dNTPs, co factors such as Mg or Mn, etc.
The size of DNA fragments in band 4 should be smaller than those of band 1. The fragments can be separated by electrophoresis, with the smaller fragments migrating farther than the larger ones.
A prefix for band is "multi-," meaning multiple or many.