My truck has a Fuller UltraShift automatic-shift transmission. I decide whether I want to go forward or backward. I step on the brake pedal and press the button that corresponds to the way I want to go, and the transmission shifts itself.
There's a button on the shift console for "manual" and if pressed, you use up and down keys to shift. If you do this, it's just like shifting a fully manual transmission except you don't have to shift the rear end yourself and there's no clutch. My truck has had six drivers including myself and none of us have ever pushed the manual button.
I want to see the shift patterns
There probably isn't one. An autoshift is more the same as a manual 10 speed, with the only difference being an additional computer, and that the shift function and clutch are automated.
It shifts itself.
It's a 10 speed unsynchronised transmission which only incorporates five major shift motions. It works in a similar fashion to the top side of a 15 speed, except you must shift progressively through all the gears.
Sounds like the speed sensor is bad.
That all depends on what kind of vehicle it is and what engine & transmission it has. As a general rule, you could say for a typical 5 speed trans, about 10-15 mph shift to 2nd, around 30 mph, shift to 3rd, around 40 shift to 4th and around 50 mph shift to 5th
If you're talking about the transmission, one with a split range, twin countershaft transmission will have one (9 speed, 10 speed) or two (8LL, 13 speed, 15 speed, 18 speed) auxiliary gearboxes. Trucks with something like an Allison auto will not.
The 1987 Chevy S 10 blazer five-speed standard transmission will bolt to the automatic transfer case. The transmission mounts will need to be swapped and the shifting linkage will be different.
I'd recommend you go to a truck driving school, even if you already have a CDL. If you try going about this without any actual training, you're likely to destroy that transmission.
On an unsynchronized manual transmission, you either have to double clutch (which will be required on any road test or "float" the gears. For the actual shifting patterns, diagrams should be readily available online.
The cable between the shift lever and the transmission may be bad.
The next step is the car's computer.