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Electoral votes are determined by the number of Senators and Representatives a state has. Example: Arizona, and every state, has two Senators and 8 Representatives. There electoral vote is 10. That is why candidates campaign mostly in heavily populated areas. The larger the population, the larger the number of Representatives in the House, and the larger the electoral vote from that state.

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Electoral votes in the Electoral College determine the President of the United States. The entire Electoral College does not meet together in one place. Electors meet in their respective state capitals (electors for the District of Columbia meet within the District) on the Monday after the second Wednesday in December, at which time they cast their electoral votes on separate ballots for president and vice-president. Each state then forwards the election results to the President of the U.S. Senate, the Archivist of the United States, the state's Secretary of State, and the chief judge of the United States district court where those electors met. A joint session of Congress takes place on January 6 in the calendar year immediately following the meetings of the presidential electors. Senate pages bring in the boxes containing each state's certified vote and place them on tables in front of the Senators and Representatives. Each house appoints two tellers to count the vote (normally one member of each political party). Relevant portions of the Certificate of Vote are read for each state, in alphabetical order. The electoral votes are officially tabulated at the joint session of Congress and the winner of the election is officially declared.

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Q: How does the government decide how many electoral votes each state will have during the election?
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