Depending on your current residency location and you economic situation, it can take a long time. If you are already in the US without legal residency, it may not be possible. Consult an Immigration lawyer or aid group.
A General Surgical Residency is on an average of about 5 years.
This isn't an issue for US citizens. However, for foreign nationals holding legal permanent residency in the US, the US considers you to have abandoned your US residency if you spend more than 6 months out of the country.
no, but legal residency is required
No.
It all depends on the process you choose to hold a Permanent Residency card. A good recommendation would be to have an Immigration Lawyer assist you with the application process. Although expensive, the legal assistance is well worth the time and money you will be spending. And depending on the US Citizenship and Immigration Services' workload, a minimum of 8-10 months would be required for the entire process to be completed and for you to hold your Permanent Residency card. If you choose to go about it on your own, the process might become lengthy, overwhelming and frustrating.
It is a legal marriage in the US. It is not a claim to legal residency for visitor or undocumented alien though. The laws of the visitors and undocumented aliens country of origin will mandate whether it is a legal marriage there.
Fourteen years of residency in the US is required to become president.
You must immediately apply for a permanent resident status.
You do not have to be a "US Citizen" to live in the United States but you do have to have some form of legal status to be legally resident. Those alternative forms of legal status may include:LPR / "Green Card" Holder ("Permanent" Residency)Student Visa Holder ("Temporary" Residency)Visitor ("Temporary" Residency) - either via Visa or subject to the VWPBusiness Visitor ("Temporary" Residency)Temporary Work Visa - under various classes ("Temporary" Residency)"Dual-Intent" Work Visas (H-Class Visa) ("Temporary" Residency)Refugee / Asyleeand other classes applicable to certain immigrants
The residency requirement is 14 years.
In depends on what country you are talking about. In the US, they won't get one just because they are married. They will have to go through the same process as if they were not married. It doesn't bode well for a happy marriage.
You can marry in any US state that permits same-sex marriage. (There is no citizenship or residency requirement for marriage in any US state.) But, a same-sex marriage will not assist you in obtaining legal residency in Japan.