when conditional jump instruction is executed it has 10 m/c cycles bt when nt executed it has 7 m/c cycles....while unconditional jump instruction has 10 m/c cycles...
it has an instruction set of a few hundred instructions.
The Instruction Pointer (IP) in an 8086 microprocessor contains the address of the next instruction to be executed. The processor uses IP to request memory data from the Bus Interface Unit, and then increments it by the size of the instruction.
program counter is a register that has the address of next instruction that has to be executed after currently executing instruction. it is used for proper execution of functions of computer by providing address of next instruction to microprocessor.
The NOP (No Operation) instruction takes time but does nothing to the data or the status of the microprocessor. When executed in a loop, it can take substantial time, from microseconds, to milliseconds, to seconds.
in 8085 microprocessor a subroutine is a separate program written aside from main program ,this program is basically the program which requires to be executed several times in the main program. the microprocessor can call subroutine any time using CALL instruction . after the subroutine is executed the subbroutine hands over the program to main program using RET instruction.
instruction register is used to store the next instruction to be executed. instruction pointer is used to store the address of the next instruction to be executed.
Its role is to point to the next instruction to be executed in the CPU. It always points to the next instruction to be executed in the CPU
Each HLL (High Level Language) instruction is comprised of multiple microprocessor instructions, in a platform-dependent manner. The microprocessor only understands a very simple instruction set, usually on the order of between 30 and 200 instructions (including variants). The most compact processors generally use a RISC architecture (Reduced Instruction Set Computing), which has a fixed size instruction unit and a limited number of instructions (reducing design complexity and power requirements), while Intel uses a richer instruction set (so processors are more complex). The important part about a HLL is that the developer doesn't have to know or understand the microprocessor they are coding for, because their HLL compiler will take care of the details for them. They should at least understand, however, that their HLL code is not executed by the computer directly, but is instead converted into a series of small, single-step instructions that the microprocessor will follow.
MUL is not an 8085 instruction.
All the programming instructions whcih are basically in the assembly code has the corresponding hexadecimal code.the microprocessor understand or interprets what this code is and based on that it performs operation for eg HLT which had hexcode 76 the microprocessor understands76 as tha halt instruction and based on that it halts or terminates the program Anand bhat(mca@kiit-870024)
The debug flag in the 8086/8088 microprocessor causes one instruction to be executed, followed immediately by a debug interrupt. The flag then gets turned off, so you get get nested debug interrupts. This is used by a debugger program to single step a process that it is debugging (the debugee, so to speak).
The Instruction Register (IR) stores the instruction currently being executed. In simple processors each instruction to be executed is loaded into the instruction register which holds it while it is decoded, prepared and ultimately executed.