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They are grade eight, and a special length. Do not use a normal bolt.
It depends on the diameter of the flange, the type of pipe, the materials, the type, size and grade of bolts, type, grade and size of the flange, and the pressure and temperature of the fluid transported in the pipe. Some pipe flanges require very little torque on their bolts while others need as much as 500 foot-pounds of torque, or more. The design and application will determine the required torque.
310Nm (230ft/lbs) Dry Zinc Plated
Consult a generic torque specification chart based on the size and grade of the of the bolts (top of bolt will have that info on it).
The torque depends on a few things lubrication, grade(strength), the nut inside diameter, and thread pitch. The grade can be found on the nut generally ranging from 4.8-12.9. Assuming the inside diameter of the nut is close to 12mm, below shows the torque value corresponding to its grade non lubricated. Metric; US customary units 4.8 = 50Nm; 37Ft lbs 8.8 or 9.8 = 95Nm; 70Lbs 12.9 = 165Nm; 120Ft lbs
what grade
Torque depends on the size of the bolt as you have already specified grade 8.8. Here are some recommended settings: M8 (13mm across the flat head) 25Nm M10 (17mm across the flat head) 49Nm M16 (24mm across the flat head) 210Nm
Crankshaft to flexplate: 50-60 lb-ft Flexplate to torque converter: 45 lb-ft Use Grade 8 or better at both locations.
Of course! Grade 8.8 fasteners are often refered to as "high tensile" fasteners where "8.8" refers to the tensile yield strength of 640MPa (UTS: 800MPa) and standard torque figure calculations apply based on bolt diameter (root diameter of thread), grade (8.8 in this case), 90% Yield strength and adjusted for surface finish and lubrication. Refer to engineering handbooks or good ol' google.
ETC is an enlisted rating in the US Navy. The ET denotes the skill set Electronics Technician. The C denotes Chief Petty Officer, an enlisted grade E-7. The SS designates Submarine Qualification. The ETCS designates a Senior Chief E-8, An ETCM designates a Master Chief E-9. E-9s are the top enlisted rank in all US military services. As a further example in the USN MMCM(SS) would designate that this is a Machinist Mate Master Chief and a Qualified Submariner.
Smoky quartz is usually found in intrusive igneous and certain high grade metamorphic rocks, like granite and orthogneiss. Orthogneiss designates a gneiss derived from an igneous rock, and prognosis is one from a sedimentary rock.
A type of indicator of the temper (grade) of the bolt. I think 3 lines = grade 8. other bolts use different indicators, too. on japenese bolts, sometimes a dot is used so they can count revolutions to reach desired torque of bolt without using torque wrench. hope that helps ya.